The International Air Transport Association (IATA) has revealed that Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) production reached 1 million tonnes (1.3 billion litres) in 2024, doubling from 2023’s output of 0.5 million tonnes. Despite this impressive growth, SAF still represents only 0.3% of global jet fuel production, underscoring the need for accelerated progress to meet aviation’s decarbonisation targets.
To achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, the aviation industry must ramp up SAF production significantly. IATA has identified key areas where governments and industry stakeholders can collaborate to unlock SAF’s full potential and pave the way for a sustainable future.
A Promising Start, but More Work Ahead
The doubling of SAF production is a step in the right direction, yet it falls short of earlier projections of 1.5 million tonnes in 2024. Delays in ramping up production at key facilities, particularly in the US, have pushed these targets to 2025.
By the end of 2025, SAF production is expected to reach 2.1 million tonnes (2.7 billion litres), accounting for 0.7% of total jet fuel production and 13% of global renewable fuel output. While the growth trajectory is encouraging, these figures highlight the urgency for governments and the private sector to address barriers to scaling SAF production.
The Economic Case for SAF Investment
Willie Walsh, IATA’s Director General, emphasized that the aviation industry is eager to embrace SAF, but mixed signals from governments and cautious investment strategies are slowing progress. Airlines, operating on slim profit margins of 3.6%, remain committed buyers of SAF. However, the sector needs clear policies, strategic incentives, and a shift away from fossil fuel subsidies to drive investment in renewable energy solutions.
Governments and investors stand to benefit from supporting SAF, with opportunities for long-term profitability and environmental impact. By aligning financial incentives with decarbonisation goals, stakeholders can accelerate SAF’s role in the transition to a low-carbon aviation industry.
Three Ways to Accelerate SAF Growth
IATA has identified three critical strategies to expand SAF production and adoption:
1. Increase Co-Processing
Existing refineries can integrate up to 5% of approved renewable feedstocks alongside crude oil streams, a process known as co-processing. This method requires minimal investment and offers a cost-effective way to scale SAF production.
By increasing the allowable percentage of renewable feedstocks, co-processing can be a bridge solution, enabling rapid growth in SAF volumes while reducing the need for new infrastructure. By 2050, this approach could save the industry $347 billion in capital expenditure, eliminating the need for more than 260 additional renewable fuel plants.
2. Diversify Production Pathways
Currently, around 80% of SAF is produced using the HEFA (hydrotreated esters and fatty acids) method, which relies on feedstocks like used cooking oil and animal fats. While effective, reliance on a single pathway limits scalability.
To boost SAF volumes, investments are needed to scale alternative certified pathways such as Alcohol-to-Jet (AtJ) and Fischer-Tropsch (FT). These methods use agricultural and biological waste, offering a sustainable and diversified approach to SAF production. Diversifying feedstocks and technologies can ensure a stable supply and reduce risks associated with over-reliance on specific resources.
3. Establish a Global Accounting Framework
A transparent global SAF accounting framework is essential for tracking environmental benefits and ensuring that SAF purchases are accurately attributed to airlines. Such a registry would prevent double counting and allow airlines to claim SAF credits toward their regulatory obligations.
By standardizing SAF transactions and fostering market transparency, a global framework can enable airlines and producers to participate in a unified market, driving adoption and incentivizing production.
Building a Collaborative Ecosystem
The journey to decarbonisation requires collaboration across the value chain. From governments and fuel producers to airlines and sustainability consultants, stakeholders must align their efforts to overcome production bottlenecks and foster innovation.
As part of this effort, VURDHAAN supports aviation stakeholders by providing tailored solutions to navigate sustainability challenges. By assisting airlines in integrating SAF into their operations, aligning with frameworks like CORSIA, and optimizing supply chains, VURDHAAN empowers the sector to accelerate its decarbonisation journey.
The Long-Term Vision: Net-Zero by 2050
Achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 requires a monumental effort. SAF is expected to play a pivotal role, contributing up to 65% of the emissions reductions needed. To meet this target, global SAF production must reach 450 billion litres annually—a sharp contrast to today’s 1.3 billion litres.
Progress will depend on consistent policy support, technological advancements, and sustained investment. Governments must create a level playing field by redirecting subsidies from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources and incentivizing SAF production at scale.
A Call to Action
The doubling of SAF production in 2024 is a testament to the industry’s commitment to decarbonisation. However, meeting long-term climate goals will require accelerated action, innovative thinking, and collaborative efforts.
As the aviation sector navigates this critical transition, SAF represents more than just a cleaner fuel—it embodies a commitment to a sustainable future for air travel. With the right policies, investments, and partnerships, the path to net-zero emissions is achievable.
The time to act is now. By embracing SAF and prioritizing decarbonisation, the aviation industry can lead the charge in building a greener, more sustainable future for generations to come.